yes, the avant-garde proper died out around the 30s maybe with the surrealists.
the term however has stuck to accept broader connotations as cheeto implies, minus the political implications.
it is definitely a military term
vanguard/rearguard
vanguard in french is avant-garde.
but properly speaking, it's roughly between cubism and the 40's.
maybe starting with german expressionism actually... hm...
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