I agree with Metropolis.
Chris Marker's "La Jetée" from 1962 (the one that inspired T. Gilliam's "12 Monkeys") is a short film, consisting mostly of photographed stills, but was also very ahead of its time, I think, if only for its themes: post-apocalyptic world, earth contaminated after WW3, people living underground, research on time travelling, and all the story about this man obsessed with the vague memory of a woman at the airport beore the war...
Also, maybe Alain Resnais' "Hiroshima, mon amour", for its extensive use of flashbacks in 1959.
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